Example: Locating Groundwater for a Village of 3,000 Inhabitants

A village requires a new drinking water supply system. Because the demand is relatively high and long-term reliability is essential, a structured groundwater investigation is carried out. The goal is to identify a location that can sustainably provide sufficient quantity and good water quality for continuous public supply.

The investigation follows a stepwise approach, combining existing data, remote analysis, geophysical methods, and finally test drilling.

Step 1 – Analysis of existing wells

As a first step, existing water supplies in the surrounding area are documented and evaluated. These provide the most direct real-world reference for local groundwater conditions.

Result:

  • Three successful wells identified
  • Drilling depths between 18 and 25 meters

This indicates that usable groundwater is available at relatively shallow depths in the region.

Step 2 – Geological interpretation

In the next step, geological maps are analyzed to identify potential aquifer formations and exclude unsuitable zones.

Result:

  • Extensive gravel and coarse gravel deposits within the valley

This suggests favorable subsurface conditions with good storage and flow capacity.

Step 3 – Remote sensing analysis

Satellite imagery is then used to complement the geological interpretation and identify surface indicators of possible groundwater presence.

Result:

  • Distinct moist areas along a nearby river corridor

These patterns suggest increased soil moisture and a possible connection to shallow groundwater zones.

Step 4 – Geophysical investigation

To refine the subsurface model, electrical resistivity surveys are carried out to better define the depth and extent of potential aquifer layers.

Result:

  • Probable aquifer located between 15 and 30 meters depth

This confirms the earlier indications and helps narrow down the target drilling zone.

Step 5 – Test drilling

Finally, a test borehole is drilled at the most promising location to verify all previous findings under real conditions.

Result:

  • Adequate groundwater yield
  • Good water quality

The results confirm that the site is suitable for long-term abstraction.

The location is subsequently selected for the installation of the final production well.